indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
escape; flight; running away; elopement; fleeing
indicates the target of an activity; -ee (e.g. employee, examinee, trustee)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inhabitant; resident; citizen; population
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
careful; cautious; prudent; discreet; deliberate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
oppressive rule; tyrannical regime; despotism
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
resistance; opposition; reluctance; repulsion; resistance; drag
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to accept; to receive; to agree
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
occupying; having (an area) all to oneself; military occupation; possession; capture
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
same; similar; (just) like; equal
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...