indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hasty; impatient; restless; rash
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
publicity; advertisement; advertising; propaganda
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in that way; thus; so; so?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include