lathe; potter's wheel; windlass; pulley
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
suffix for familiar person
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
diviner; sorcerer; exorcist; medium
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
honorific/polite/humble prefix
preparation; arrangements
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
notification; official notice; directive (e.g. from higher to lower levels of the administration); being well versed (in); being proficient (in)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to think, feel, consider, know, etc.
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to be a match for; to rival; to equal; to compare with; to be equivalent to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question