indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
magical power; mystical force
amphiaster; diaster; double star; visual double
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
commander; general; leader
disaster; calamity; misfortune; trouble; woes
diviner; sorcerer; exorcist; medium
resonance; sympathetic vibration
black spot; dark spot; sunspot
rock! paper! scissors!; paper! scissors! rock!; one! two! three!; rock-paper-scissors (game); janken
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
suffix for familiar person
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
acting without restraint; self-indulgence; wild license; being pretentious; putting on airs; foppery
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)