ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that