ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
lead; leading; lead (of a newspaper, etc.); lede; lead (wire); lead (e.g. dog); leash
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
language of flowers; floriography; flower symbolism, e.g. red roses mean love
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
passion; enthusiasm; zeal
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
respect; esteem; reverence; honour; honor
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle; marijuana; cannabis