once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
independence movement; mutually independent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to originate with; to start with; to stem from
dispute; conflict; trouble; strife
whole nation; whole land; whole country
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very great; enormous; serious
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
to exert (influence); to exercise; to cause (e.g. damage); to do (e.g. harm); to bring about (e.g. benefits); to extend
to drop; to lose; to clean off (dirt, makeup, paint, etc.); to remove (e.g. stains or facial hair); to lose (a match); to reject (an applicant); to lower (e.g. shoulders or voice)
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
trump card; ace up one's sleeve; secret weapon
federal government (e.g. USA, Australia, Mexico, Germany, Canada)
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
capitulation; surrender; submission; yield
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
commonwealth; federation of states; confederation; union
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
development; exploitation
decisive battle; deciding match; play-off
introduction; bringing in; leading in; installation
do-or-die resistance; resistance to the bitter end
structure; construction; posture (e.g. in martial arts); pose; readiness; determination
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum