citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
postwar period; period after Second World War
ruin; destruction; devastation; waste; decay
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to become overgrown; to grow thick; to spread; to run rampant; to thrive
mobile suit (giant robot in the anime "Mobile Suit Gundam")
riding; ride; spread (of paints); -seater (e.g. two-seater); (getting into the) mood; (entering into the) spirit
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
mean; contemptible; despicable; dirty; foul; cowardly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
self-defense; self-defence
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
Charis; Grace; minor goddess of charm, beauty, etc.; chalice (for Holy Communion)
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time