indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
sol (colloid that has a continuous liquid phase)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
person from (the planet of)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
group; bunch; crowd; group
small; small-sized; small-scale; miniature
courageous; brave; bold; valiant
this (battle)ship; aforementioned ship
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen