indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
endless; boundless; everlasting
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
through; non-stop; direct; going straight to
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
Island; insula; island; islet
to face; to go towards; to head towards
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suffix for familiar person
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
summer vacation; summer holiday
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)