indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
musical note; note symbol; phonetic symbol (incl. the kanji and kana-doubling symbols, vowel-lengthening symbol, etc.); part of a kanji for which the role is primarily to represent the pronunciation (as opposed to the meaning)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
investigation; inspection; examination; tune; note; melody
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
now; the present time; just now; another; more
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
suffix for familiar person
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection