indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
musical note; note symbol; phonetic symbol (incl. the kanji and kana-doubling symbols, vowel-lengthening symbol, etc.); part of a kanji for which the role is primarily to represent the pronunciation (as opposed to the meaning)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
all; entire; whole; altogether
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
lion; left-hand (stone) guardian lion-dog at a Shinto shrine
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
honorific/polite/humble prefix
carefree; comfortable; at ease; easygoing; happy-go-lucky
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
ear; hearing; ear (for music, etc.); edge; crust; ear (of a pot, jug, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to show; to display; to make (something or someone) look ...; to present an appearance of ...; to make (something) worth watching; to be entertaining; to have (something) looked at (by a specialist)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides (with); supporting; standing by
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow