indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
siren (in Greek mythology)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; death (usu. of a relative); bereavement
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
musical note; note symbol; phonetic symbol (incl. the kanji and kana-doubling symbols, vowel-lengthening symbol, etc.); part of a kanji for which the role is primarily to represent the pronunciation (as opposed to the meaning)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof