oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to choose; to select; to pick (out)
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
to show respect for; to revere; to honour; to honor; to worship; to hold in esteem
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryō system or Meiji Grand Council system)
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
to place in a row; to line up; to range in order; to list one after another (e.g. excuses, reasons, complaints); to rattle off (e.g. lies, compliments); to reel off
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
probably not; probably won't; intend not to; will not; trying not to; attempting not to; whether you ... or not
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
now; the present time; just now; another; more
from the bottom of one's heart; heartily; sincerely
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
praise; admiration; commendation; approbation; applause
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
thanks; gratitude; appreciation; thankfulness
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
cloistered emperor; ex-emperor who has become a monk
your highness; your grace; your eminence
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
elder; senior; senior monk; dean; presbyter
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
cardinal (Catholic Church)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
future; (future) prospects; bringing (from abroad, another region, etc.); bringing about; giving rise to