indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
adds force or indicates command
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
(some) more; even more; longer; further
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include