indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
department; section; course (of study); branch of study; (taxonomical) family
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
star (cinema, sports, etc.); celebrity; star symbol; asterisk; (celestial) star
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
entering; setting (of the Sun); containing; content; income; beginning
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")