indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
prime minister (in ancient China)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
links; chain; shackle; linking
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
strategist; tactician; schemer
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
navy (esp. the Japanese navy prior to the 1850s)
gifted young person who shows much promise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of