indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
fort; stronghold; fortification
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
navy (esp. the Japanese navy prior to the 1850s)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
Wu; region in China, south of the lower Yangtze; Wu; Southern Wu; Wu; Eastern Wu
thorny shrub; wild rose; briar; thorn; cusp
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to