indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
remarkable; striking; brilliant; splendid; spectacular; wonderful
military gains; war results; fruit of battle
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
government forces; loyalist army
wonder; admiration; being struck with admiration
hoop (of a barrel, bucket, etc.)
Yellow Turban Rebellion (China; 184 CE)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
conclusion; resolution; gathering and bundling; convergence; focusing (e.g. light); convergence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
affair; state; verdict; sentence; directions; orders
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(arch.) Chinese "Extended Net" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); counter for objects with stretched strings (i.e. bows, kotos), curtains, papers, etc.
emperor (of Japan); mikado
ten; 10; ten years of age
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
cheap; rash; thoughtless; careless
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
(arch.) inspector (third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo system); (noh) old man; white ash (of charcoal)
to appoint; to nominate; to assume (responsibility); to pose as
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
public order; public peace; public security; law and order
to rule; to govern; to administer
government service; official position; civil service