indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to pick up; to find; to gather
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
position; location; base; point; site
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
strategist; tactician; schemer
suicide divers (part of the Japanese Special Attack Units during WWII)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to mistake someone for someone else; to misread; to misjudge
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to surpass; to outstrip; to excel
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
prime minister (in ancient China)
staff officer; military staff; adviser; counselor; counsellor
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to call; to summon; to send for; to call together
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
to order; to command; to appoint
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
capture (of enemy territory); taking (by storm); defeating (an opponent); attacking (a problem) strategically
distinguished services; meritorious deeds
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
cordial welcome; hearty welcome; kind treatment; hospitality
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
reliance; trust; faith; confidence
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least