if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
discovery (of a plot, misdeed, etc.); detection; exposure; disclosure
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
exile; banishment; eviction; elimination (e.g. of poverty); removal
Chen (ancient Chinese state, approx. 1045-479 BCE); Ch'en; Chen dynasty (China, 557-589 BCE); Ch'en dynasty
to devise; to arrange; to plan; to plot
friendly fire; killing each other by mistake; internecine strife
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
ignominious defeat; crushing failure; utterly beaten; overwhelming defeat
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
isolation; being alone; being friendless
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
to barricade oneself in; to hold (a fort, etc.); to shut oneself up; to be besieged; to dig in
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
siege; encirclement; envelopment; surrounding; besiegement
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
river; stream; River; the ... river
Wednesday; shaved ice (served with flavored syrup); water (fifth of the five elements)
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to attack; to assault; to assail
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy