indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
use; utilization; utilisation; application
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to pull apart; to separate; to have a lead over; to pull ahead of; to outdistance
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
plan; trick; plot; stratagem; scheme; trap
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
going into battle; departure for the front
to take charge during someone's absence
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
drunkenness; intoxication; motion sickness; travel sickness
violence; assault; rough (e.g. handling); reckless; rape; sexual assault
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
aggression; invasion; raid
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
as you were; return to your original position!; er, rather
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
kindness and affection; love
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
Huaiyin (old name for Huai'an, China)
standing facing each other (e.g. mountains, buildings); standing opposite each other; confrontation; squaring off against (adversaries, armies, forces); standing off against
one day; (on) a certain day
than; from; out of; except; but; more
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)