indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Cao Cao (155-220), famous statesman and general at the end of Han, noted poet and calligrapher, later warlord, founder and first king of Cao Wei, father of Emperor Cao Pi; the main villain of novel the Romance of Three Kingdoms
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
viceroy; governor-general
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
older brother; elder brother
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
emperor (of Japan); mikado
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
now; the present time; just now; another; more
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?