active; positive; progressive
pessimism; disappointment
optimism; taking an optimistic view
to supplant; to supersede; to replace; to take the place of
existence; being; survival; to exist; to live; to survive
sphere; circle; range; category
expansion; extension; enlargement; escape; ESC
reaching a peak; reaching the limit; plateauing; maxing out
self-purification; self-cleansing
strength; power; proficiency; ability
Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum); Japanese littleneck clam
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to continue (going along some trend)
apathy; lassitude; lethargy; languor
action of making something; -ification
men and women of all ages
(relating to) gender; sex; sexual
to indulge in; to give oneself up to; to be obsessed by; to be engrossed in; to be lost in; to be absorbed in
sharp increase; sudden rise
arrest rate; clear-up rate; crime-arrest ratio
making light of; thinking little of; slighting; belittling; dismissing; contempt
scornful laughter; ridicule; derision; sneer
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
influence; clout; leverage
degenerate age; corrupt word; age of the decline of Buddhism; latter days of the law
descent (to earth, esp. of a god); advent; epiphany; arrival (of an important person); appearance
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
feeling; sensation; emotion; interjection
patient's condition; pathology
autopurificatory activity (in the natural world)
therapy; treatment; remedy; cure
prompt efficiency; immediate effectivity
side effect; adverse reaction
powerful medicine; strong poison
appointment (to an office); investiture; commission
praise; admiration; commendation; approbation
blockage; blockade; blocking up; stoppage; obstruction; occlusion
suffocation; choking; asphyxia
courage; ardour; high spirits
to step back; to move back; to withdraw (from the presence of a superior); to leave; to resign; to retire