indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
corridor; gallery; hallway; cloister (i.e. covered walk typically circling a building or garden, esp. in a palace or place of worship)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
other; another; over; more than; I; me
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
retreat; falling back; recession; waning; backspace (key)
counter for ships (large boats); counter for half of a pair (e.g. half of a folding screen); counter for fish, birds, arrows, etc.
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
adds force or indicates command
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
military force; force of arms; strength of an army
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
gale; strong wind; swift wind; fresh breeze (Beaufort scale)
Reinhard; Reinhardt; Reinhart