history of; experience of
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
sixteenth day of the month; sixteen days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's possessions; ownership
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
complete destruction; demolition
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
region; limits; stage; level
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
large number (of); many; majority
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
friendly army; friendly troops; allied army
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)