indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
battlefield; battleground
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
all people; everybody; ten thousand people
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
consent; assent; agreement; understanding; comprehension; grasp
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
persuasiveness; powers of persuasion; cogency
to have; to possess; to own; to be endowed with
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
person concerned; interested party; related party
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
state of mind; mental state; mental attitude
obvious; clear; plain; evident; apparent; explicit
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
winner; victor; conqueror
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to consider as; to regard (as equivalent); to deem (as); to equate
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
overestimation; overvaluing
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly