new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
nisei; second-generation Japanese (or Korean, etc.); the second (e.g. Edward II); son
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Reinhard; Reinhardt; Reinhart
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cooperation; collaboration
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
exclusion; removal; rejection; elimination; abatement; lifting (sanctions, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
secret; private; surreptitious
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make a joint vow; to swear together; to pledge
clique; group; (political) faction; wing; school; sect
axle; pivot; center (of power, activity); central point; the Axis (WWII alliance)
anti-; antithesis; fanqie; traditional Chinese spelling system in which two characters are used: the first one for the onset, the second one for rhyme and tone
some; several; many; how many; how much; very
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opportunity; chance; good time (to do); trend; tendency; momentum
to rise; to swell; to be promoted
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what is to be done?; what should (I) do?; what (am I) to do?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to join hands; to join forces; to work in cooperation; to link up; to partner with
when it comes to ...; where ... is concerned; if it's the case that ...; if it turns out that ...; if it's true that ...
to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise