indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
suffix for familiar person
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
master; Your lordship; My lord; husband
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the four great sages (Buddha, Christ, Confucius, Socrates)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in that way; thus; so; so?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...