indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
(tree) trunk; (arrow) shaft; (tool) handle; backbone; base
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
in this way; thus; such; uh...
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout