indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate