indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one's) inner voice; voice of one's heart; what one really thinks
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adds force or indicates command
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
concentration; focusing; convergence; within a collection of works
match; game; bout; contest
mark; symbol; to mark; to put a mark on; trademark; paying attention to; focusing on
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
clear; clearing (a bar, hurdle, etc.); overcoming; getting through; clearing (the ball); clearing (e.g. a checked box)