indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
(archeological) remains; ruins; relics
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
danger; peril; hazard; risk
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to join forces; to cooperate
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to push on; to plunge forward; to push one's way to
gentle; quiet; mild; quiet (color, pattern, etc.); sober
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to leave; to depart; to take one's leave
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
ability; capacity; capability; physical strength
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
difference; variation; difference
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to see through; to see into (someone's heart, mind, etc.); to perceive; to find out; to detect
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
transactions; dealings; business
formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation