indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ship's captain; skipper; length of a ship; boatman
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
Lord; Highness; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
door; gate; opening; title page
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
image; figure; figure; form; image
sesame seeds; sesame (Sesamum indicum)
I; me; myself; (arch.) we; (arch.) us; (arch.) ourselves
bad pun; corny joke; worn-out joke; dad joke
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
now; the present time; just now; another; more