there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
danger; peril; hazard; risk
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to join forces; to cooperate
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to push on; to plunge forward; to push one's way to
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to set (sun); to become dark
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to face; to go towards; to head towards
should; must; -able; probably; likely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
time; hour; period; class
to render futile; to bring to naught; to waste; to not make good use of
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise