there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
danger; peril; hazard; risk
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to join forces; to cooperate
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
to push on; to plunge forward; to push one's way to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
adds force or indicates command
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do