indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
adds force or indicates command
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
haniwa; hollow unglazed terracotta figure from the Kofun period
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
witchcraft user; magician
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
sovereign; emperor; monarch
fourth month of the lunar calendar
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very