indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
young commander; young leader; young master
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
sovereign; emperor; monarch
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
company president; manager; director
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen