indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
-like; pseudo-; comical character who mocks or apes the main character (in Japanese performing arts); (arch.) criticism; (arch.) censure
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
phantom; vision; illusion; extremely rare item
fort; stronghold; fortification
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
fourth month of the lunar calendar
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
chief; head (of an office, of a laboratory)
Japanese spindle tree (Euonymus sieboldianus)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; the present time; just now; another; more
adds force or indicates command
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?