indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
space; air; midair; (from) memory; (by) heart
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
adds force or indicates command
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
robot; (mere) puppet; pawn; figurehead
sovereign; emperor; monarch
bell-shaped bronze vessel of Yayoi period
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
shooting (a ball); shot (on basket, at goal, etc.); shoot (of a tree or plant); chute; shuuto; shootball
haniwa; hollow unglazed terracotta figure from the Kofun period
witchcraft user; magician
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah