indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
adds force or indicates command
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
treasure; picture of a treasure ship; money; cash
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
moustache; beard; whiskers (on a cat, etc.); feelers (on an insect, etc.); shadow (on a candlestick chart)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf