indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to carry off; to run away with; to sweep away; to take entirely for oneself; to monopolize
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
to take (someone) away; to carry off; to abduct; to kidnap
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
time; hour; period; class
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
now; the present time; just now; another; more
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!