pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
identification; ID; identity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
genuine article; real thing; real deal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shut in; to confine (in); to seal in; to contain; to suppress; to restrain
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; card; program
to obtain; to get; to procure; to win; to secure
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
group; body; party; company; troupe; gang
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to collect; to assemble; to gather
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
around the world; throughout the world
to be scattered about; to disperse; to be littered (with)
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
line (of text); row; carya (austerities); samskara (formations); semi-cursive style (of writing Chinese characters); running style
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
Siberia; cake made with layers of sweet bean paste and sponge cake
limited express (train for which a limited-express ticket is required); limited express (train making a limited no. of stops); great hurry
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)