pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
identification; ID; identity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
genuine article; real thing; real deal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shut in; to confine; to contain
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
body; group; party; company; troupe
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to collect; to assemble; to gather
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
around the world; throughout the world
to be scattered about; to disperse; to be littered (with)
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to be peevish; to sulk; to pout
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely