indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
to dodge; to evade; to avoid; to sidestep
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
God; god; ace; king; superior person
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
antenna; thing or method used to collect information or opinions
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
posture; pose; position; attitude; approach; stance
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
exclamation of surprised disappointment, disgust, or worry (yuck, ick, ack, eeew, crap!, blech, gross)
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
someone with a liking or characteristic; a true representative of (place)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to set somebody to work in an arrogant fashion; to push somebody around; (lit.) to indicate by pointing one's chin; to chatter; to jaw; to jabber