ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
assistance; backing; reinforcements
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
empty air; sky; shunyata; emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
flag; banner (administrative division of Inner Mongolia)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest