oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
adds force or indicates command
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
carrying on one's back (e.g. baby); piggyback ride
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
one's nature; one's destiny; custom; tradition; habit
counter for the ichi-ni-san counting system (usu. directly preceding the item being counted); noun read using its on-yomi; counter for articles; indicates possessive (esp. in place names)
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to be surprised; to be astonished
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
name; given name; first name
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
your; indicates high rank or status; indicates love and respect (usu. for an older person)
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
pish; pooh; I see; oh; indeed
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
shintai; object of worship believed to contain the spirit of a deity, typically housed in a shrine