Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
extinction; extermination; eradication; stamping out; wiping out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
confrontation; to face; to confront; to encounter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
magnetism; magnetic force
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
in an instant; instantly; in a moment; instantaneously; in the twinkling of an eye
extinction; extinguishment; disappearance; annihilation
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
diastrophism; movement and deformation of the earth's crust; upheaval (e.g. in politics); seismic shift; earthshaking changes
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to be twisted; to be wrapped; to be distorted
five; five years of age; eight o'clock (old time system)
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
to tear up; to tear off; to rip up; to separate (e.g. a couple); to disrupt (a relationship)
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
please (give me); please (do for me)
close-fitting trousers; long underwear
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to run away; to flee; to make off; to start to run away
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent