indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to shoulder; to carry on one's shoulder; to nominate for a position; to choose as a representative; to take (someone) for a ride; to deceive
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
portable shrine (carried in festivals); palanquin; buttocks; lower back
indicates two contrasting actions; (arch.) indicates possessive (often found in place names and compound words)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
introduction, development, turn and conclusion (quadripartite structure of certain Chinese poetry); story composition and development
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
to set up (in high position); to kick upstairs; to hold sacred; to worship
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
to carry up; to bring up; to lift up; to elevate (someone) to a high position; to convince someone to accept a post (esp. through flattery)
dōjinshi; magazine published by like-minded people; fanzine; zine
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible