what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
everybody; every last one of them; all
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
accumulation (e.g. of emotions, grievances, etc.); buildup; suppression (e.g. of anger)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
quarrel; argument; row; (verbal) dispute
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
to grow restive; to begin to act violently
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
danger; peril; hazard; risk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to have a talk; to tell a story
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
opposite effect; adverse effect; backfiring
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few